Does ARIA require the use of namespaces, which are not available in text/html?
No. Starting in Firefox 3, namespaces are in fact no longer used for ARIA markup, which is a fortunate because namespaces are not allowed in text/html. It is recommended that all developers using ARIA target Firefox 3. It now no longer matters whether you use HTML, XHTML, SVG or XUL. Firefox will process the new non-namespaced markup the same way on anything it renders. You can use ARIA markup declaratively and set it dynamically the same way, regardless of the content type. For those who dealt with ARIA in the beginning, this is a drastic improvement.