Does a positive Lachman’s test always mean anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury?
No, laxity may be symmetric in the other knee. It is important to compare both knees in most conditions. 22. What is O’Donoghue’s triad? This is characterized by injuries to the medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament (MCL), and anterior cruciate ligamwnt (ACL). It is caused by a valgus force to a flexed, rotated knee. 23. Describe the typical signs and symptoms of patellofemoral pain. • Anterior knee pain with gradual onset that worsens with repetitive knee flexion • Pain with prolonged sitting or upon arising after sitting (positive theater sign) • Pain with squatting or with descending stairs 24. Name the most common tests for an ACL injury. Lachman, anterior drawer sign, and pivot shift test. During the Lachman test, the knee is flexed approximately 20 degrees and the proximal tibia is pulled forward to assess excessive translation (more than 3-4 mm). The anterior drawer test follows the same principle but the knee is flexed at 90 degrees. The pivot shift test is performed with
