Do you (ESRI) have any benchmarks testing ArcGIS Server Java on Windows vs Linux?
Performance differences between running ArcGIS Server for Java on Windows versus Linux have been observed. At the risk of oversimplifying, we will share some findings: Intensive CPU operations at the Server Object Container tier tend to be faster on Windows, due to slight overheads produced by MainWin dependencies on our core ArcObjects components. Operations such as sophisticated on the fly mapping and CPU intensive geoprocessing operations incur into performance hits that can reach up to 30 or even 40% on non Windows platforms. Disk IO intensive operations tend to be however faster on LINUX. For example, accessing map tiles from a cached map service in LINUX tends to be more efficient than on Windows. The above differences apply to the ArcGIS Server for Java and do not aim to compare performance on the .Net and Java flavors of ArcGIS Server.