Do the 12 colonies live on 12 different planets?
They were separate stellar bodies although not every poster here believes all of the Colonies were actual planets. Caprica is not the only Colony seen though it is the most prominent. Other planets such as Scorpia is seen from orbit, Tauron is seen from orbit as well as a scene of a Tauranian city under attack by Cylons 40 years ago, there exist a photo of Aerolon’s capital and Picon may have been seen in several shots in flashbacks of Adama’s military life. Incidentally, during the drafts of the Miniseries, all the Colonies were located on a single planet: Kobol.