Do internationally binding conventions/treaties lead to action and tangible results?
Adopting an international agreement can make a significant difference. For example: • Production and consumption of substances that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer have declined dramatically over the last decade as a result of the Montreal Ozone Protocol. • The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has brought down trade barriers and promoted the expansion of international trade. • Arms control agreements have limited nuclear weapons proliferation and have led to a substantial reduction in the arsenals of the nuclear powers. Can international agreements affect the behaviour of States? In some cases, international agreements establish meaningful enforcement mechanisms, such as the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement system. But even in the absence of such mechanisms, an international agreement can: • establish review mechanisms that focus pressure on States by holding them up to public scrutiny; • articulate legal rules that may be enforceable in domestic courts; • prov
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