dingdong, but a good cigar is a Clide) …need I say more?
Unfortunately, we teach as though this is what our students will be doing. 2) That a spoken message has one meaning, and/or makes no attempt to revise that meaning. 3) That a spoken message organizes information/meaning into a recognizable pattern, using appropriate words and transparent structure. 4) That no other messages are uttered at the same time. 5) That the intended transfer is entirely verbal (with no kinesic elements) 6) That there is no intended irony transferred through the verbal message or otherwise. 7) That the speaker chooses a time when it is evident that the listener is ready to listen. 8) That there are no background noises to block the sound of the message. Notice I don’t claim that there is no meaning, or that you make your own up ex nihilum. In L2, our ability to form and constantly revise the horizon of expectations against which we play and compare our developing interpretation of what is unfolding when we listen to extended oral discourse from another speaker,
