Did Chief Joseph lead all the Nez Perce during the 1877 War?
Traditionally, loosely organized bands of Nez Perce each had several leaders or headmen, who were respected for their knowledge in specific areas. The leaders often met in councils to debate issues and make decisions for the good of the band. During the 1870’s, the Wallowa band of Nez Perce had several leaders including Young Joseph, a strong civil leader, and his brother Ollokot, a skilled war leader. The other non-treaty bands had similar leadership organizations. When the five non-treaty bands joined forces during the War of 1877, all of the headmen of all of the bands met. The historical record makes it clear that there were several experienced leaders seeking agreement, not a single leader who dictated actions. Those successful and skilled in battle would have taken the lead in developing battle strategies. By the time the Nez Perce agreed to stop fighting at Bear Paw, or Snake Creek, Young Joseph was one of the few headmen remaining. The other leaders had either been killed or ha
