D 1.2. What are the main topics in the technological development of Brazils ethanol production?
More flexible operations integrated with two products (sugar and ethanol) have also relied on advances in several processes: 1980/1990: Introduction of new sugar-cane varieties developed in Brazil; new grinding systems; fermentation with much greater capacities; use of vinasse as a fertilizer; biological control of the sugar-cane beetle; optimization of agricultural operations; autonomy in energy. 1990/2000: Start of energy surplus sales; improved technical, agricultural and industrial management; new sugar-cane harvesting and transportation systems; advanced industrial automation.