Can we define energy in terms of space and time alone?
This is what the Grand Unified Theory is trying to propose – typically an equation like: time = energy X space/frequency But as yet neither has the Theory been finalised, or even been experimentally demonstrated in any meaningful way and there is a significant school of thought that time does not exist in the way proposed by the theory (Quanta) and so there is no way to connect time to energy since it doesn’t exist! It depends on whether you want space/time and energy to be related.