Can use of a diaphragm and spermicide together reduce the risk of HIV infection?
A diaphragm and spermicide provide far less protection that a male latex condom and less protection than a female condom against HIV. Findings from laboratory and animal studies suggest that a diaphragm with a spermicide may reduce the risk of HIV infection. Spermicidal jelly or cream should be applied to the rim and side of the diaphragm covering the cervix. Additional spermicide inserted directly into the vagina is also recommended. However, frequent spermicide use, for example more than every other day, is not advised because it can cause irritation, which may increase the risk of infection. A diaphragm and vaginal spermicide should be used by a woman only if a male or female condom cannot be used.
