Can the GNI per capita be used to measure human development instead of the HDI?
No. GNI per capita only reflects average national income. It tells nothing of how that income is spent, whether on universal health, education or military expenditure. Comparing rankings on GNI per capita and the HDI can reveal much about the results of national policy choices. For example, a country with a very high GNI per capita, such as Kuwait which has a relatively low mean years of schooling for its adult population, can have a lower HDI rank than, say, the Bahamas, which has less than 50% of the GNI per capita of Kuwait.
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