Can social bookmarking services prevent a bookmark from becoming dead links?
Yeah, looking at the wording of the question again, the idea that you can prevent a page on a site you don’t administer from disappearing is fundamentally at odds with the way the web works. There’s nothing you can do at your end that will prevent me from removing or revising a page that I host. The best you can hope for is to create an archival copy of it. Perhaps you could create an archival copy in a publicly accessible place that Google will search and rank right next to mine, so that other people can find it, so it would be almost as good as if my page never went away–of course, then you’d have to worry about copyright infringement.
I don’t see how social bookmarking enters into it. Any number of spiders will, with varying degrees of sophistication, archive entire websites locally. However, if your question concerned how to prevent links from going “dead” when sites simply moved / changed names, that I could actually see social bookmarking being helpful with.