Are there penalties or deterrents for a player killing another player?
Yes. The highest penalty would be against players who kill newly born Character Species. The higher status you achieve, the less the penalty is for killing your Character. For example, if you are an Atriarch, then it is assumed you are willing to take the risks that inevitably accompany anyone with such power. By then you should have ample protection. Therefore, there would be little penalty for your death. On the other hand, if you have been playing for a long time, but chose a simple life as a mapmaker, then the game will recognize your choice as low risk and the penalty for killing you would be high. In other words, ultimate power comes with ultimate risk.