Are there Multiple Intelligences ?
Howard Gardner, professor in Harvard’s School of Education, wrote an influential book in 1983, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. He proposed that there is not a single” Intelligence,” but rather that there are seven: • Verbal Intelligence • Logical/Mathematical Intelligence • Visual / Spatial Intelligence • Musical Intelligence • Interpersonal Intelligence – (read Gardner comments on Social Skills) • Intrapersonal Intelligence • Bodily / Kinesthetic Intelligence These ideas have affected education, particularly for enrolling students in Gifted programs. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences has attracted controversy and criticism. Below are some of the major criticisms of Gardner’s theory: ——————————– Criticisms of MI this section from: http://bdrum.com/group8web/brucecriticisms.htm Gardner’s ideas are based more on reasoning and intuition than on the results of empirical research studies (Aiken, 1997, p.196). Gardner argues that his theory
