Are the Neanderthals a different species?
No, the fact that they interbred with modern humans shows they were not a separate species. Modern humans are classified as Homo sapiens sapiens. Most scientists today view Neanderthals as a sub-species or hominid sister group of all present-day humans. Homo sapiens sapiens and Neanderthals are believed to have a common ancestor who lived about 500,000 years ago in Africa.