Are the names Bul, Ethanim, and Ziv (Zif) original Israelite month names?
No. First of all, the months Bul, Ziv, and Ethanim are not mentioned anywhere in the Torah, so we know from the start that these are not the Torah month names. In contrast, the Torah itself assigns a number to each month, starting with the first New Moon after the barley becomes Abib. For example, First Month, Second Month, Third Month, etc. (see Ex 12,2; Lev 23; Nu 28-29). The names Bul, Ziv, and Ethanim only appear 4 times and only in the the Book of Kings. All 4 references to these month names are in the account of Solomon’s relation with the Phoenicians and their assistance with the construction of the Temple (1Ki 6,1.37.38; 8,2). In all likelihood these names are foreign month names, possibly of Phoenician origin (see below). In fact, in 3 of the 4 instances in which they appear, the Biblical text goes out of its way to translate them into Torah month names with the formula: “in the month [Foreign name], which is the [Torah name] month.” Thus we read, “in the month Ziv, which is t
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