Are the Backups of volumes which are protected by BitLocker encrypted?
No. The Backups of volumes which are protected by BitLocker aren’t encrypted. Backup reads the data blocks from VSS Shadow created on the volume which is a clear text. Hence Backups are not encrypted. To secure the Backup data in case of System or Backup Target being stolen or lost, the Backup target if it is a disk, can be secured using BitLocker protection. So if you are restoring your system from the Backup (Bare Metal Recovery), post recovery the volumes which were BitLocked when the backup was taken would not be BitLocked. Hence you would need to BitLock the volumes again.