Are the 244 interface chips really necessary?
Yes. Without them, the Flight MCU could be subjected to overvoltages on its inputs, leading to damage. The type of interface chips and the overall circuit topology has been carefully chosen to eliminate any chance of damage to the Flight MCU from the +5V-based USB-to-serial converter and MHX transceiver in any powered or unpowered state. Additionally, the interface chips guarantee the correct logic-level signals when the Flight MCU is connected to either interface.