Are other examinations required besides the EchoColourDoppler?
The diagnosis is confirmed through a venography that is carried out before the corrective procedure. It involves an injection of dye contrast into the veins that need to be examined. In specialized centers the venography is integrated with an IVUS (an intravascular venous ultrasound). This ultrasound examination is carried out internally in the effected vein through a very soft wave emission. These examinations complete the formulation of a definitive diagnosis whilst allowing the exploration of veins that cannot otherwise be examined with the external waves emitted by the echo doppler, such as the azygos vein.
