Are checkpoints constitutional?
Article III, Section 2, 1987 Constitution provides: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Prescinding from this constitutional provision, Ricardo Valmonte, in his capacity as a citizen of the Republic, taxpayer, member of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and a resident of Valenzuela, Metro Manila, and the Union of Lawyers and Advocates for People s Rights (Ulap) in its capacity as an association whose members are members of the IBP, filed a petition for prohibition with preliminary injunction and/or temporary restraining order, wh
