ARE BICARBONATE OF SODA AND CITRATES CLASSIFIED AS DRUGS?
Bicarbonate of soda and citrates are listed in the main pharmacopoeias which describe their preparation, properties, usage, and side affects. Tris buffers and citrates are also listed. The current Australian Rules of Harness Racing prescribe the total carbon dioxide (TC02) at a level of 35.0 millimoles per litre in plasma and alkalising substances found in a horse that has tested higher than a level of 35mmol/l are defined as drugs. 6. WHEN WERE MILKSHAKES FIRST USED IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT? There is ample anecdotal evidence that milkshaking was occurring prior to 1987, but detection and governance procedures did not occur in harness racing until around 1989 despite many complaints from the industry at large over a period of a few years that some trainers were using illicit preparations of unknown combination of substances. Milkshaking in harness racing was detected by autoanalizer in1989 in Ontario, Illinois, New Jersey, and Florida and about the same time in New Zealand and Aust
