Are American colleges producing thinkers or zombies?
Hopefully thinkers, but to be honest, that depends more on the student than the school. You can go through college in one of two ways. The first is just to coast through, doing the bare minimum to get your degree so you can get a good job (or any job these days). The second is to be fully engaged and do what you can to participate and absorb the material and (this is the important part) to think critically and form your own opinions (not those of your professor) on the issues. If this is your strategy, you’ll gain an education (as opposed to only a degree).