After the 5-year exemption period for Israeli taxes, to whom do I first pay income tax, U.S. or Israel?
This depends on the type of income. For example, U.S. sourced private pensions are generally taxed in the U.S. first and any tax paid can generally be credited against Israeli income taxes. Income from Israeli sources is first taxed in Israel, and the income tax paid can generally be credited against U.S.Taxes.