What is an Open Neural Tube Defect?
The neural tube is a structure that forms in the developing embryo very early in pregnancy. This tube eventually develops into both the baby’s brain and the spinal cord. If the tube does not close completely, an opening may remain along a part of the baby’s back or head. An open neural tube defect occurs in 1 or 2 out of every 1000 births. It occurs in two forms: anencephaly and spina bifida. In anencephaly the brain and back of the skull are incomplete. These babies are often stillborn or die shortly after birth. In spina bifida there is an opening in the baby’s spine. Depending on which part of the spine is affected, different problems result for the baby. Usually there is some weakness or paralysis of the legs. There may also be problems with bowel and bladder control, as well as other medical problems such as hydrocephaly (water on the brain) and delayed development. Children with spina bifida require surgery and may also need ongoing special medical care.
Open neural tube defects happen when the brain or spine does not properly develop. There are two kinds of open neural tube defects – spina bifida and anencephaly. Both start to happen before women are sure they are pregnant. Spina bifida is an opening in the bones around the spinal cord. Usually the opening is not covered by the skin. Spina bifida can lead to physical and mental disabilities. Each person with spina bifida are not able to walk unaided and many are not able to control their bladder and bowel functions. Usually they have hydrocephalus, also called water on the brain. There is no way to predict exactly how serious these physical problems will be, or if the person will have mental disabilities. Many people with spina bifida lead productive lives. A baby with anencephaly is missing much of its skull and brain and will die shortly after birth. Out of every 1,000 babies, about two are born with neural tube defect. The chance does not depend on the age of the mother. You may wi
