How is retinoblastoma diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for retinoblastoma may include the following methods: • Complete eye examination. • Funduscopic examination – with the child under anesthesia, the pupils are dilated so the entire retina can be viewed and examined. • Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan) – a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general X-rays. • Magnetic resonance imaging – a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. • Blood tests. • Tests of the fluid surrounding the tumor. • Genetic and/or DNA testing. A diagnosis
Retinoblastoma is diagnosed by an experienced ophthalmologist (eye specialist) who examines the back of the eye whilst the child is asleep. This is called an examination under anaesthetic (EUA). The ophthalmologist will usually take detailed photographs of the tumour using a specialised eye camera called a “retcam”. Throughout treatment a child may undergo a series of EUAs and these will be used to monitor their progress. At diagnosis, some children may also require additional tests depending upon the size and position of the tumour.
