Why do falls occur?
Falls are generally caused by a misfit between an elderly individual and his or her environment. It should be noted that falls are not an inevitable consequence of old age. Falls are rarely caused by a single occurrence and often result from a combination of intrinsic factors such as changes in human sensory and perceptual systems, extrinsic factors such as assistive devices or prescription medication and environmental factors such as home hazards. Age related changes in the sensory and perceptual systems are common and a natural course of aging. Changes in the visual system such as the yellowing and hardening of the lens of the eye can result in decreased acuity and sensitivity to glare. Physiological changes in gait, balance maintenance and muscle and bone structure can further contribute to falls. Combinations of particular prescription medications can also often lead to an increased risk of falling. Other external factors include improper shoes or footwear, assistive walking device
