How is Gluten Sensitivity Diagnosed?
In recent years, testing for gluten sensitivity and celiac sprue usually is initiated with blood tests for antibodies against gliadin, the toxic subfraction of wheat gluten, or for an antiendomysial antibody that is produced against an enzyme present in the intestine and elsewhere in the body called tissue transglutaminase. These tests have revolutionized testing for celiac sprue because they allow for detection of the syndrome before extensive irreparable damage to the intestine, bones, and other tissues has occurred. Up until recently it was thought that nearly all patients with clinically important gluten sensitivity had these antibodies detectable in blood. However, recent studies, including my own, have shown that this is not true. In the early phases of the reaction, or especially when the disease is of a more mild variety, antigliadin and antiendomysial/antitissue transglutaminase antibodies may be absent from blood.
