How are contaminant residues in exposed SPMDs recovered and how much cleanup of the recovered residue is necessary before in vitro bioassay or analytical detection?
A major portion of the sequestered residues can be recovered by opening the ends of the SPMD polyethylene tube and rinsing out the lipid with an organic solvent. However, analytes are generally recovered by dialyzing the intact SPMD (which requires removing periphytic growths, minerals, and debris from the exterior membrane surface) in an organic solvent such as hexane. Using this approach, contaminant residues present in the membrane (sometimes representing as much as 50% of total) are also recovered for analysis and the dialysis process separates nearly all of the bulk lipid from the chemicals of interest. In nearly all cases, additional lipid and polyethylene wax removal is required for analytical detection of trace compounds. Also, some additional steps may be required for tests such as EROD and ELISA. The in vitro bioassays Microtox and Mutatox may not require lipid removal if high purity lipid is used in SPMDs.
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