How H. PYLORI causes ulcer ?
Generally, Helicobacter pylori remains in the antrum of stomach. Here it colonizes on the luminal surface of the gastric epithelium. Its flagella assist its penetration into the protective mucous layer that coats the gastric epithelium. There the organism multiplies. Here H. pylori produces an enzyme urease, which generates ammonia and protease. This protease breakdowns glycoproteins in gastric mucus. As a result underlying epithelial cells are exposed to the acid and pepsin, this leads to inflammation and ulceration in the stomach. Once infection in the antrum is established, there is stimulation of gastrin release from G cells. The subsequent hypergastrinaemia stimulates acid production by the parietal cells, leading to more mucosal damage (gastric ulcer formation). CAUSE OF PEPTIC ULCER THROUGH SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Mucosal Damage H. pylori infection in gastric Antrum Colonization • direct damage • release of cytotoxins • local inflammatory responses increase gastric release Duodenal ul
