Various color systems (NTSC, SMTPE, CIE) use different white points. How are these defined?
The CIE system does not have a fixed white point. White is defined by the user for a given situation and application. It is not fixed to any one chromaticity coordinate. The SMPTE and NTSC systems you mentioned are examples of specific applications in which a given white point has been selected. Both CIE illuminants D65 and C represent average daylight (D65 being the newer standard) and they were selected for TV systems since this is a good whitepoint to represent many typical scenes and for displays that appear neutral under a wide range of viewing conditions.