How cold are the icy satellites surfaces?
It’s pretty darned cold. Temperature of course depends on distance from the Sun, but also on albedo (surface reflectivity), as bright surfaces are cooler and dark surfaces are warmer. On the satellites of Jupiter, temperatures range from about 140 K (about -210 F) in dark material at the equators of Ganymede and Callisto, to about 50 K (-370 F) in bright icy patches of Europa’s poles.
